High serum arginine levels can result from several causes, including:
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Dietary Intake: High consumption of protein-rich foods or arginine supplements can increase serum arginine levels.
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Liver Dysfunction: The liver plays a crucial role in metabolizing amino acids, including arginine. Liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis can impair this function, leading to elevated arginine levels.
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Genetic Disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as hyperargininemia, caused by a deficiency in the enzyme arginase (which is manganese-dependent and can be low in manganese deficiency), can lead to high serum arginine levels. This condition affects the urea cycle, leading to an accumulation of arginine.
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Kidney Dysfunction: The kidneys help regulate amino acid levels. Impaired kidney function can affect the excretion and metabolism of arginine, causing its levels to rise.
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Metabolic Disorders: Conditions that affect amino acid metabolism, such as urea cycle disorders, can result in elevated arginine levels.
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Medications and Supplements: Some medications and dietary supplements can influence amino acid levels. For example, certain drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, such as ACE inhibitors, may affect arginine metabolism.
